New drawbead tester and numerical analysis of drawbead closure force

Abstract Currently, a great deal of controversy exists regarding the real forces generated in drawbeads during sheet metal forming processes. The present work focuses on analysis uplift force. First, detailed literature review is carried out to analyse previous experimental procedures used measure forces. It found that setups do not perfectly replicate geometry industrial drawbeads. In order obtain reliable forces, an drawbead tester capable adequately replicating developed. Later, variety steels ranging from mild 3rd-generation ultra-high-strength are tested and also restraining force values obtained. main purpose share with research community data allows precise evaluation accuracy current models supports generation new numerical equivalent models. parallel procedure, step forward understanding closing phenomena achieved through 2D model. model identify variables greatly affect Going beyond studies, which some were analysed, covers, holistic manner, impact material properties, contact behaviour between have determined surprisingly minor geometrical deviations nominal large